GetWellGo provides comprehensive information on obesity and kidney disease treatments, focusing on effective strategies to manage and improve kidney health.
Obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are closely interrelated, and the connection between the two can greatly influence kidney function over time. Below is an overview of Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease:
Metabolism Changes: CKD may bring about alterations in the way the body metabolizes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates that facilitate weight gain or challenge weight loss.
Fluid Retention: Fluid retention is another symptom of CKD that results in short-term weight gain. This makes it challenging to determine body fat and weight management.
Weight Gain in Dialysis: Individuals on dialysis for CKD can gain weight because of fluid overload, changes in appetite, and other reasons related to kidney function.
Increased Risk of CKD: Obesity is one of the major risk factors for the onset of CKD. Excess fat, particularly abdominal fat, can lead to kidney damage through the increase in inflammation and oxidative stress. This may damage kidney function over time.
Hypertension: Obesity also puts a person at increased risk of high blood pressure, which is a primary cause of CKD. High blood pressure causes damage to blood vessels within the kidneys, which may degrade kidney function.
Diabetes: Obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes, which is also a leading cause of CKD. Uncontrolled blood glucose can cause damage to the kidneys over time.
Raised Kidney Filtration Pressure: Obesity can cause increased body weight and blood volume, causing excess pressure on the filtration system of the kidneys. This raised filtration pressure can harm the tiny blood vessels in the kidney (glomeruli), which can cause CKD.
Fatty Liver Disease: Obesity promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which in turn is associated with kidney injury and CKD risk.
Obesity greatly increases the risk of kidney failure (also referred to as end-stage renal disease, or ESRD) because it affects many of the factors that influence kidney function. This is how obesity leads to kidney failure risk:
Obesity significantly influences renal (kidney) health and is a significant risk factor for kidney disease development and progression. Here's how obesity influences renal health:
Increased Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Obesity as a Primary Risk Factor: Obesity is a primary risk factor for the onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Excess fat, especially visceral fat (fat around organs), may lead to kidney damage through several mechanisms like inflammation, increased pressure on kidneys, and metabolic disturbances.
Progression to Kidney Failure: In people with pre-existing kidney disease, obesity can hasten the progression from early CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which can necessitate dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Obesity-Induced Nephropathy​
Obesity-induced nephropathy is the damage to kidneys due to obesity. The condition is increasingly common as the incidence of obesity increases all over the world. Obesity causes kidney disease in various mechanisms, and eventually, the damage can result in chronic kidney disease (CKD) or renal failure if not treated.
Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Nephropathy
Obesity nephropathy may be caused by numerous mechanisms, such as elevated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal hyperfiltration, renal lipidosis, hypertension, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, elevated circulating fatty acids, lipid-induced damage, adipokines, renal steatosis and fibrosis, and obstructive sleep apnea.
Effect on Blood Pressure: Obesity has a strong correlation with increased blood pressure, one of the main causes of kidney disease and kidney failure. The excess weight puts extra pressure on the heart, which may result in increased blood pressure.
How It Hurts Kidneys: Increased blood pressure weakens blood vessels in the kidneys, and they are no longer able to filter waste as before. Gradually, this weakening can cause kidney failure.
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Obesity is a primary risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes, which is also one of the most common causes of kidney failure. Insulin resistance, which tends to accompany obesity, makes it more difficult for the body to control blood sugar levels, resulting in high blood sugar.
How It Impacts Kidneys: Excess blood sugar over time may damage the kidney's blood vessels, causing diabetic nephropathy (a type of kidney damage). This may slowly impair kidney function, ultimately leading to kidney failure.
Obesity is a major risk for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in India. A number of research works have pointed toward the relationship between obesity and the incidence of CKD in the various regions of the country.
Obesity and Association with CKD:
Treatment of obesity-caused kidney disease (obesity nephropathy) is directed towards the treatment of both the primary obesity and kidney disease in order to avert additional injury and promote health as a whole. Following are major strategies in the treatment of obesity-related kidney disease:
Weight loss has a profound and positive effect on kidney function, particularly in patients with obesity-related kidney disease or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Even small amounts of weight loss can slow the progression of kidney disease, enhance kidney function, and decrease the risk of obesity-related kidney disease complications. Following are the most important effects of weight loss on kidney disease:
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