Fertility

Bilateral Vasectomy Treatment

Male Contraception

A vasectomy is a permanent method of male contraception. It involves cutting both the tubes (vas deferens) that carry sperm from your testicles. This prevents sperm from mixing with semen and reaching your penis. So a vasectomy should prevent your partner from becoming pregnant.

What is a vasectomy?

Vasectomy is a kind of surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. During this procedure, the male vas deferens are cut and tied or sealed in order to 
prevent sperm from entering the urethra and thereby prevent fertilization of a female through sexual intercourse. Vasectomies are usually performed by a Physician at medical 
clinic, or, when performed on an animal, in a veterinary clinic-hospitalization, but is not normally required as the procedure is not much complicated. The incisions are tiny, and 
also the necessary equipment routine. Basically, vasectomy is done to prevent the fertility in males. It gets ensure that in most cases the person will be sterile after confirmation 
of success following surgery. The procedure is regarded as permanent because vasectomy's reversal is costly and often does not restore the male's sperm count or sperm motion to 
pre-vasectomy levels.

There are 2 types of vasectomy:
• Conventional vasectomy using a scalpel (surgical knife).Page Image
• No-scalpel vasectomy.
The doctor doing vasectomy will explain which option is best for him.

What are the benefits of this surgery?

Due to the simplicity of the surgery, a vasectomy usually takes less than thirty minutes in total. After a short recovery at the doctor's clinic (usually less than an hour), the 
patient is sent home for rest. Since the procedure is minimally invasive, many vasectomy patients found that they can resume their sexual behavior within a week, and do so 
with minimum or zero discomfort. You or your partner don't need any use of another method of contraception.

What does this operation involve?

The operation is generally performed under a local or general anaesthetic. The operation usually takes less than thirty minutes to complete. The surgeon will usually make a small 
cut on each side of your scrotum. Sometimes they will make a single cut on middle of the scrotum. The surgeon will cut the tubes that carry sperm from each testicle to your 
penis and close their ends. After vasectomy, the testes remain in the scrotum where Leydig cells continue to produce the testosterone and other male hormones that continues to get
secreted into the bloodstream. When the vasectomy gets completed, sperm cannot exit the body via the penis. Sperm still gets produced by the testicles, but are sooner broken 
down and absorbed by the body. 

What complications can happen?

General complications includes pain, bleeding, infection of the surgical site or wound into the scrotum. Specific complications may include becoming fertile again, long-term pain in 
the testicles, congestive epididymitis, sperm granuloma. The primary long-term complications includes chronic pain conditions or syndromes that affect any of the scrotal, pelvic or 
lower-abdominal regions, collectively referred as post-vasectomy pain syndrome.

Postvasectomy pain

Post-vasectomy pain syndrome is chronic and debilitating condition that can develop immediately or after several years of vasectomy. The pain may be constant 
orchialgia or epididymal pain (epididymitis), or it may be pain that occurs only at particular times like with sexual intercourse, ejaculation, or physical exertion.

Psychological effects

Approximately 90 percent are generally reported in reviews as being satisfied with having a vasectomy, while 7–10 percent of men regret their decision. Men who are of a younger age 
at the time of having a vasectomy are significantly more likely to regret and seeks for a reversal of vasectomy, with one study showing men for example in their mid twenties being 
12.5 times more likely to undergo a reverse vasectomy later in life.

Dementia

A kind of association between a vasectomy and primary progressive aphasia, a rare variety of frontotemporal dementia, was also reported. However, it is unclear if there is a causal 
relationship. Putative mechanism is a cross-reactivity between brain and sperm, also including the shared presence of neural surface antigens.

Advantages and disadvantages of a vasectomy

Advantages:
• A vasectomy is more than 99 Percent effective for preventing pregnancy.
• Long-term effects on one's health are very rare.
• It doesn't affect one's hormone levels, sex drive or interference in sex.
• It can be chosen as a simpler and safer alternative to female sterilisation.

Disadvantages:
• Vasectomy doesn't protect against STIs, so one may need to use condoms.
• A vasectomy can't be easily reversed, and reversals are rare by NHS.
• One may need to keep using contraception after the operation until tests show that his semen is free of sperm.
• Major complications include a collection of blood inside the scrotum (haematoma), hard lumps called sperm granulomas (caused by sperm leaking from the tubes) causing a Infection 
and later can be only treated by a Surgery.

Facts about vasectomy

• A vasectomy is about  99 Percent effective.
• It is considered permanent, so once it's done you don't have to think about contraception.
• It doesn't affect one's sex drive or ability to enjoy sex. You'll still have erections and ejaculate, but your semen won't include sperm.
• You'll need to use contraception for at least 8 to 12 weeks after the operation, because sperm will still be present in the tubes leading to the penis.
• Two semen tests are generally done after the operation to make sure that all the sperm have gone.
• Your ball sack may become bruised, swollen or you may feel pain.
• As with any surgery, there is a small risk of infection also.
• It is very difficult to reverse, so be sure that it's right for you.
• A vasectomy doesn't protect you against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so there is need of condoms as well.

Are there any alternatives to a vasectomy?

The only other method of male contraception is the use of a condom. A sterilisation is a permanent method of female contraception which involves blocking of both the fallopian 
tubes. Other non-permanent methods of female contraception may include hormone implants and oral contraceptive pill.

How soon will I recover?

You are able to go home within hours. Your testicles may probably ache for a few days. You are able to return to work after about two days (about a week if your work 
involves heavy exercise). Regular exercise always helps you to return to normal activities as soon as possible. Your doctor will ask you to give one or two samples of your semen 
after you have ejaculated 20 times after the operation. The samples will be tested to find out if there are any sperm left.

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