Which Is Better: Proton Therapy or Traditional Radiation? | GetWellGo

Proton therapy vs radiation

Here's a simple contrast between proton therapy and standard radiation therapy on different aspects:

Technology & Type of Radiation

• Proton Therapy: Utilizes protons, which are positively charged subatomic particles.
• Radiation Therapy (Photon Therapy): Utilizes X-rays (photons).

Mechanism of Action

• Proton Therapy: Deposits most of its energy at a single depth in tissue (referred to as the Bragg Peak), causing minimal damage to healthy tissues past the tumor.
• Radiation Therapy: Passes through the body, impacting the tumor and normal tissue before and after the site of the tumor.

Precision

• Proton Therapy: Very precise. Best suited for tumors adjacent to critical organs (e.g., brain, spine, eye, pediatric). 
• Radiation Therapy: Less accurate than proton therapy but also effective with methods such as IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy).

Side Effects

• Proton Therapy: Fewer side effects because less radiation is delivered to normal tissues.
• Radiation Therapy: More likely to produce side effects since normal tissues around the tumor get more radiation.

Effectiveness

• Both are good for most cancers.
• Proton Therapy can provide better results for pediatric cancers, brain tumors, spinal cancers, and some head and neck cancers.

Availability

• Proton Therapy: Limited worldwide availability, fewer centers, costly infrastructure.
• Radiation Therapy: Available everywhere and used more often.

Cost

• Proton Therapy: Far more costly (2–3 times) than traditional radiation therapy.
• Radiation Therapy: Less expensive and usually insured.

Use in Pediatrics

• Proton Therapy is used because of decreased long-term risks in developing children.

Is proton therapy better than radiation?

Proton therapy may be superior to standard radiation therapy in certain situations, but not always better for all cancers or all patients.

Here's a balanced answer:

When Proton Therapy Is Better?

Tumors close to critical organs

• Example: Brain, spinal cord, eyes, heart, or lungs
• Reason: Proton beams expire at the tumor, minimizing damage to nearby healthy tissue.

Pediatric cancers

• Reason: Proton therapy decreases long-term side effects and the risk of secondary cancer.

Re-irradiation cases

• Example: When a patient requires a repeat radiation in an already treated region.
• Reason: Proton therapy can minimize cumulative doses of radiation delivered to normal tissues.

Some rare or difficult-to-treat cancers

• Example: Skull base tumors (chordomas, chondrosarcomas), ocular tumors

Proton therapy side effects

Proton therapy tends to produce fewer side effects than traditional radiation therapy since it targets radiation more accurately to the cancer tumor, leaving surrounding healthy tissue untouched. Yet, still, it is capable of producing side effects—particularly based on tumor location, dose, and overall patient health.

Fatigue

• Most common; builds up during treatment and may persist after.

Skin changes

• Redness, dryness, peeling, or darkening over the treatment area.

Hair loss

• Only in the area where the protons beam is targeted.

Swelling/inflammation

• Localized swelling or tenderness near the tumor.

Traditional radiation therapy risks

Conventional radiation therapy (also referred to as photon radiation therapy) is commonly employed and generally harmless, but as with all treatments, it's not risk-free—particularly due to the fact that it targets not just cancer cells, but also surrounding healthy tissue.

Below is a thorough overview of the risks and side effects of conventional radiation therapy:

General Risks (Common to Most Areas Treated)

Fatigue

• A very common side effect that can last weeks to months.

Skin reactions

• Redness, itching, peeling, or darkening in the treated area (like a sunburn).

Hair loss

• Only in the radiation field.

Nausea or appetite loss

• Especially with treatment to the abdomen, chest, or brain.

Swelling or soreness

• In or around the treatment site.

Benefits of proton therapy

Accuracy Targeting of the Tumors

• Proton treatment gives its energy only to the tumor with little exit dose.
• Decreases radiation to healthy tissues and vital organs nearby.    

Fewer Side Effects

Since there is less radiation to surrounding healthy tissue, patients usually experience:

• Less fatigue
• Less nausea or pain
• Fewer skin reactions
• Less long-term organ damage

Lower Risk of Secondary Cancers

• Kids and teenagers particularly are helped because proton therapy eliminates unnecessary radiation that can cause secondary cancers from radiation later in their lives.

Safer when Tumors Are Near Critical Organs

Best for treating tumors that are near:

• Brainstem or spinal cord
• Heart and lungs
• Eyes or optic nerves
• Gastrointestinal organs
• Decreases risk of organ damage or loss of function.

Best Treatment for Children's Cancers

• Kids are more vulnerable to radiation.
• Proton therapy reduces developmental side effects and spares developing tissues such as the brain, bones, and endocrine system.

Effective for Re-Irradiation

• In those needing radiation a second time in an area already treated (e.g., recurrence), proton therapy can reduce damage to tissues already receiving maximum radiation.

Similar Tumor Control

• Delivers the same or superior tumor control as photon therapy in some cancers—without the same degree of collateral damage.

Cancer treatment with proton therapy

Cancers Commonly Treated with Proton Therapy:

Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors

• Gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary tumors
• Limits radiation to healthy brain tissue, reducing cognitive side effects

Spinal and Skull Base Tumors

• Chordomas and chondrosarcomas
• Near the spinal cord and brainstem—precision is essential

Pediatric Cancers

• Medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma
• Spares developing organs and tissues, reducing risks of growth delay and second cancers

Eye and Orbital Tumors

• Uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma
• Better preserves vision than photon therapy

Head and Neck Cancers

• Nasopharyngeal, sinus, oropharyngeal tumors
• Decreases risk to eyes, salivary glands, hearing, and swallowing

Lung and Esophageal Cancer

• Restricts radiation to heart and lungs
• Very beneficial for patients with compromised lung or cardiac status

Liver and GI Tumors

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic cancer
• Reduced radiation to adjacent intestines, stomach, and liver

Recurrent or Previously Treated Cancers

• Re-irradiation of treated areas with less chance of toxicity

Prostate Cancer

• May decrease risk of bowel and bladder complications relative to conventional radiation

How does proton therapy work?

• As opposed to standard X-ray (photon) radiation, proton beams will most of their energy at one depth (the Bragg Peak) and cease.
• This permits maximum tumor dose with minimal exit radiation with sparing of normal tissue.

Why Choose GetWellGo for Proton Therapy?

GetWellGo is regarded as a leading supplier of healthcare services. We help our foreign clients choose the best treatment locations that suit their needs both financially and medically.

We offer:

• Complete transparency
• Fair costs.
• 24 hour availability.
• Medical E-visas
• Online consultation from recognized Indian experts.
• Assistance in selecting India's top hospitals for proton therapy.
• Expert radiation oncologist with a strong track record of success
• Assistance during and after the course of treatment.
• Language Support
• Travel and Accommodation Services
• Case manager assigned to every patient to provide seamless support in and out of the hospital like appointment booking
• Local SIM Cards
• Currency Exchange
• Arranging Patient’s local food