What is Perineum Pain: Male and Female

What is the Perineum Pain?

Perineum pain is pain experienced in the space between the genitals and anus.

• In males, it's between the scrotum and anus.
• In females, it's between the vaginal opening and anus.

The pain may be:

• Sharp, burning, or aching
• Either constant or just on sitting, urinating, or bowel movement

Perineum Pain in Male

Perineum pain in male is experienced between the anus and the scrotum. It's fairly typical and can be caused by a number of different things. Here's a basic run-down:

General Causes:

Prostatitis (prostate inflammation or infection)

• Pain usually accompanies trouble urinating, pelvic pain, or even sex problems.

Pelvic Floor Muscle Issues

• Constricted, strained, or inflamed muscles in the pelvic region can lead to severe aching pain.

Pudendal Nerve Entrapment

• The pudendal nerve may become compressed, causing sudden or burning pain, particularly while sitting.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

• Pain may be accompanied by frequent urination, burning, or urgency.

Trauma or Injury

• Due to such activities as cycling, sports, or trauma by accident.

Post-Surgery or Medical Procedures

• Following operations such as prostate surgery, hernia repair, or catheter placement.

Digestive Issues

• Severe constipation, hemorrhoids, or anal fissure may occasionally produce pain extending to the perineum.

Perineum Pain in Female

Perineum pain in women is pain experienced between the anal opening and the vagina. It's a skin-covered, muscular, nervous, and vascular area — so anything that hurts here can have lots of reasons.

Common Causes in Women:

Trauma from childbirth

• Perineal pain lasting weeks or months can result from tearing, episiotomy (surgical incision during delivery), or pressure during delivery.

Infections

• Yeast infections, vaginal infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), or skin infections may all lead to perineal discomfort.

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

• Spasming, tight, or weak pelvic muscles may result in long-term perineal pain, occasionally accompanied by pain during intercourse or trouble urinating.

Pudendal Neuralgia

• Irritation or compression of the pudendal nerve may result in burning, stabbing, or numbness in the perineum, frequently exacerbated by sitting.

Skin Conditions

• Conditions such as lichen sclerosus (vulvar skin thinning and irritation) can result in itching and pain.

Trauma or Injury

• Due to accidents, falls, sexual intercourse, or operations such as hysterectomy or perineal repair.

Digestive Problems

• Pain from hemorrhoids, fissures, or constipation may appear as if originating from the perineum.

What are Symptoms?

The perineum pain symptoms also depend on their cause but normally people find that it feels like discomfort, soreness, or stabbing pain within the perineum, an area that sits between the genitals and anus.

Following is a plain checklist of the prevalent symptoms:

• Pain, aching, burning, or throbbing perineum
• Severe, stinging pains (particularly when an involved nerve)
• Pain while sitting down (pressure with sitting frequently enhances it)
• Painful urinating or passing bowels
• Pain with or after sexual intercourse
• Numbness, tingling, or pins-and-needles sensation in the region
• Tenderness to touch, swelling, or bruising
• Sensation of heaviness or fullness in the pelvic region
• Trouble beginning or finishing urination or bowel movements
• Sensitivity (even slight touch may be painful)

What Causes Perineum Pain?

Perineum pain can be caused by a number of factors, depending on whether it is an infection, inflammation, nerve, injury, or pressure problem in the pelvic region.

Here's a straightforward summary:

Infections

• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Prostatitis (in males – prostate inflammation)
• Vaginal infections (bacterial vaginosis, yeast infection)
• Skin infections (such as boils or abscesses)

Pelvic Floor Muscle Problems

• Pelvic floor tension or spasm (muscles in the pelvic region get too tight or weak, leading to pain)

Nerve Problems

• Pudendal nerve entrapment (compression of a nerve that passes through the pelvis, resulting in burning or stabbing pain)

Childbirth or Surgery Trauma

• Tears, episiotomies, or pressure trauma during childbirth
• Post-surgical pain (following prostate surgery, hysterectomy, or repairs to the pelvis)

Injury or Physical Trauma

• Falls, sports, cycling accidents
• Heavy lifting or straining which causes pelvic pressure

Digestive Problems

• Severe constipation
• Hemorrhoids
• Anal fissures (small tears in the lining of the anus)

Chronic Pain Syndromes

• Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) (in particular in men — chronic pelvic pain without obvious infection)
• Vulvodynia (chronic vulvar pain in women)

Cancer or Tumors (uncommon)

• Prostate, rectal, or vulvar cancers may occasionally be responsible for perineal pain.

Perineum Pain Treatment

Treatment of perineum pain varies with the cause, but the aim is always to eliminate pain, address the underlying issue, and regain comfort.

Here's a complete list of potential treatments:

Home Remedies and Self-Care

• Warm sitz baths (immersion in warm water for 15–20 minutes, several times a day)
• Cold compress (to alleviate swelling and numb stinging pain)
• Avoid prolonged sitting (use a cushioned seat or "donut" pillow)
• Good hygiene (particularly if infection or injury is present)
• Gentle stretching or relaxation exercises for pelvic muscles

Medications

• Pain medications (such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen for overall pain)
• Antibiotics (if infection such as UTI, prostatitis, or skin abscess is diagnosed)
• Muscle relaxants (if spasms of the pelvic floor muscles are producing pain)
• Nerve pain medications (such as gabapentin or amitriptyline if a nerve issue is discovered)

Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy

• Special therapy to relax and strengthen pelvic muscles
• Methods could be biofeedback, manual therapy, or directed exercises

Surgery

• Draining abscesses (if present with a boil or infected swelling)
• Nerve blocks (injections to soothe irritated pudendal nerves)
• Surgery to repair (very infrequent, for extreme trauma, extensive tears, or nerve entrapment)

Behavioral Modifications

• Treat constipation (high-fiber diet, fluids)
• Minimize activities with pressure on the perineum (such as cycling for hours on end)
• Stop smoking (helps circulation and healing)
• Stress management (stress makes pelvic pain worse in some individuals)

Perineum Pain Male Cancer

Pain in the perineum of men is sometimes an ominous sign of cancer, but it's not the usual cause of pain in the perineum.

Nevertheless, there are some kinds of cancers that lead to pain in the perineum when they become sufficiently large or involve adjacent structures.

The following are the key kinds:

Prostate Cancer

• A very frequent form of cancer among men.
• If it extends beyond the prostate, it may lead to dull, aching pain in the perineum, lower back, or pelvis.

Other symptoms include:

• Difficulty urinating
• Blood in the urine or semen
• Impotence
• Thin stream of urine

Colorectal Cancer

• Cancer of the rectum or lower colon may lead to pressure, discomfort, or pain perceived in the perineum.

Other symptoms include:

• Blood in stool
• Bowel habit changes
• Unintended weight loss
• Incomplete feeling of bowel movement

Penile or Perineal Skin Cancer (Uncommon)

• Cancer of skin or tissues of perineal region.
• May lead to visible masses, ulcers, or chronic sores accompanied by pain.

Bladder Cancer

Severe disease may lead to pain radiating to the pelvic floor, including perineum.
Other symptoms can be:

• Urine with blood
• Painful urination
• Urination is frequent

Top Hospitals

• Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon
• Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon
• Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon
• Max Hospital, Saket
• Apollo Hospital, Delhi

Best Doctors for Perineum Pain Treatment

• Dr. Abhinandan Mukhopadhyay
• Dr. Sabhyata Gupta
• Dr. Mukta Kapila
• Dr. Alka Sinha
• Dr. Puneet Bedi

Why Choose GetWellGo for Perineum Pain Treatment?

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We offer:

• Complete transparency
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• Assistance in selecting India's top hospitals for perineum pain treatment.
• Expert doctors with a strong track record of success
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• Language Support
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• Case manager assigned to every patient to provide seamless support in and out of the hospital like appointment booking
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