Ocular Migraine: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Ocular migraine symptoms

Visual Symptoms (Usually in One Eye):

• Temporary vision loss or partial blindness is a common phenomenon but the duration is usually from 10 to 60 minutes.
• Flashing lights (scintillations)
• Zigzag patterns
• Blind spots (scotomas)
• Blurred vision

Other Possible Symptoms:

• Headache (occurs as a consequence of theses vision or coincides with the visual symptom)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Sensitivity to light and sound
• Eye pain (less common)

Ocular Migraine Causes

The cause of ocular migraines is not quite understood, but these headaches are associated with some factors that have a sensitive link to the blood vessels and nerves of the eyes as well as that of the human brain. Here are some of the causes and stimuli that could may lead to it:

Blood Flow Changes in the Eye or Brain:

• It is generally believed that the occular migraines are also linked to the disturbances in blood circulation in the retina or the brain.

Vascular Changes (Blood Vessel Constriction or Dilation):

• It may be caused by constriction and dilation of the blood vessels, thus causing circulation in the eyes and the brain hence vision disturbances.

Triggers Related to Migraines:
Ocular migraine sufferers should have a prior episode of migraines or migraine aura. Some of the factors that cause migraine that result to ocular migraines include the following;

• Stress or anxiety
• Lack of sleep
• Hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation or pregnancy)

Some types of foods or ingredients (for example, chocolates, caffeine, MSG).

• Dehydration
• Bright lights or glare

Underlying Medical Conditions:

• Hypertension: Variations on blood pressure may lead to changes in blood flow that may cause ocular migraines.
• Retinal disorders: In some instances the migraine might be related to eye disorders such as retinal artery or vein constriction.

Genetics:

• It may be possible to have a genetic foundation since people who have a history of migraines or particularly ocular migraines are likely to be affected.

Stress and Tension:

• Stress as well as emotional stress or tension is usually a causative factor for migraines and ocular migraines.

Dehydration or Poor Diet:

• Lack of water intake or deficiency in certain elements is one of the possible reasons behind migraine occurrence.

Hormonal Fluctuations:

• Another factor that may cause ocular migraines includes hormonal fluctuations particularly in women. It may be changes due to menstrual cycles, pregnancy or even menopausal periods.

Medications or Substances:

• There are some drugs which include oral contraceptives, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and certain pain killers that may lead to ocular migraines in small populations of individuals.

Ocular Migraine Treatment

Acute Treatment During an Episode:

• Rest in a Quiet, Dark Room
• Cold Compress or Warm Compress
• Pain Relief Medications
• Hydration

Preventive Treatments:

• Lifestyle Modifications
• Dietary Changes
• Medications
• Botox Injections

Addressing Underlying Conditions

Regular Eye Check-ups    

Medications for Migraine Relief

Retinal Migraine

A retinal migraine can be described as an ocular migraine where the afflicted patient experiences blind spots or other kinds of visual disturbances in one eye. However, when pointing to the fact that retinal migraine is not closely related to the migraine with aura that typically impacts both eyes.

Ocular Migraine vs Migraine with Aura

Ocular Migraine (Retinal Migraine)

What it is:

An uncommon form of migraine that affects a single eye most of the time it is present but not both eyes simultaneously.

Key Symptoms:

• Such episodes can also present as temporary vision loss, lessening of illumination, or a decline in the clarity of one eye.
• May disappear as a blind spot or even complete loss of vision in that eye
• Vision returns to normal after the episode
• Such set patterns of visual aura as zigzags or shimmering lines are, however, seldom observed in the case of migraine.
• It may be credited with or may not be succeeded by a headache.

Duration:

• Visual symptoms: a few minutes to up to an hour
• Vision usually returns fully

Cause:

• It is considered to be caused by constriction of blood vessels (vasospasm) in the retina or vessels behind one of the eyes

Other Names:

• Retinal migraine

Visual Migraine (Migraine with Aura)

What it is:

A kind of migraine which involves visual disturbances; it may affect both eyes and they may occur before or during a head-ache or may not be associated with it at all.

Key Symptoms:

• Zigzag lines, the shimmering lights or like the pattern that is acquired by the reflection of light in a kaleidoscope.
• Blind spots or scotomas
• This condition affects both eyes even if it seems that only one eye is affected.
• May be accompanied by a migraine headache (though it is not mandatory).

Duration:

• Visual symptoms: 10 to 30 minutes, up to 60 mins
• Headache (if it occurs): 4–72 hours

Cause:

• Neurological: resultant with cortical spreading depression in the brain’s visual cortex.

Other Names:

• Migraine with aura
• As is suggested by the term ‘silent migraine’, if there is no headache involved

Ocular Migraine Headache

Ocular migraine headache means a migraine which is characterized by the appearance of a visual aura in one eye and might be accompanied by a headache. It is actually a type of migraine but is not to be confused with a common migraine that is characterized as migraine with aura, which affects both eyes. Thus, the visual aura is the most characteristic feature of migraine; however, the following headache may vary from mild to severe.

Ocular Migraine Diagnosis

Here are the key steps involved in diagnosing ocular migraines:

• Medical History and Symptom Description
• Physical and Neurological Examination
• Diagnostic Tests to Rule Out Other Conditions:
• Eye Examination: Fundoscopy and Visual Field Testing
• Imaging Tests: MRI and CT scan
• Blood Tests
• Differential Diagnosis:
• Retinal artery or vein occlusion
• Retinal Detachment
• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) or Stroke
• Optic Neuritis
• Use of Diagnostic Criteria
• Referral to a Specialist

Ocular Migraine and Stress

Stress is likely to cause ocular migraines because of the effects of heightened blood pressure levels on the head region. In most of the people, stressed situations may trigger or aggravate ocular migraines and there is always vision disturbance as well as the headache that is associated with the condition.

How Stress Triggers Ocular Migraines:

• Activation of the Migraine Pathway
• Changes in Blood Flow
• Increased Sensitivity to Pain
• Physical Tension
• Sleep Disruption
• Hormonal Fluctuations

Ocular Migraine Prevention

Eliminating ocular migraines entails maintaining an understanding of the cause and outlining particular behavioural modifications that may be followed by the user of medications only if needed. Due to the fact that ocular migraines are usually precipitated by certain patterns, its prevention varies depending on the specific case.

Identify and Avoid Triggers

Keeping a migraine diary can help you track and avoid personal triggers. Common ones include:

• Stress
• Lack of sleep or irregular sleep
• Skipped meals
• Dehydration
• Bright or flickering lights
• Hormonal changes (menstruation, birth control pills)
• Specific foods and additives, such as:

Aged cheeses

Chocolate

Caffeine (excess or withdrawal)

Alcohol (especially red wine)

MSG and artificial sweeteners

Improve Lifestyle Habits

• Sleep
• Hydration
• Diet
• Exercise
• Stress Management

Medications for Prevention

• Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol)
• Calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil)
• Anticonvulsants (e.g., topiramate)
• Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline)
• CGRP inhibitors (for chronic or resistant migraines)

Eye Care and Visual Triggers
They should use sunglasses or blue light blocking glasses in order to reduce the glare on the monitors which cause eye strain.
Do not use blinking monitors and try to take a break after using screen for a long period of time.
This means that you need to avoid eye-straining activities with the LCD, adjust the light and use screen filters if necessary.

Top Surgeons

• Dr. Sameer Kaushal
• Dr. Jyoti Sehgal
• Dr. Praveen Gupta
• Dr. Atul Prasad
• Dr. Charu Gauba

Best Hospitals

• Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon
• Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon
• Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon
• Max Hospital, Saket
• Apollo Hospital, Delhi

Why Choose GetWellGo for Ocular Migraine?

GetWellGo is regarded as a leading supplier of healthcare services. We help our foreign clients choose the best treatment locations that suit their needs both financially and medically.

We offer:

• Complete transparency
• Fair costs.
• 24 hour availability.
• Medical E-visas
• Online consultation from recognized Indian experts.
• Assistance in selecting India's top hospitals for ocular migraine treatment.
• Expert neurologist and ophthalmologist with a strong track record of success
• Assistance during and after the course of treatment.
• Language Support
• Travel and Accommodation Services
• Case manager assigned to every patient to provide seamless support in and out of the hospital like appointment booking
• Local SIM Cards
• Currency Exchange
• Arranging Patient’s local food