Knee Osteoarthritis: Symptoms, Stages, Treatment and Causes

Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease due to degeneration of knee cartilage, resulting in pain, stiffness, and decreased function. Treatment consists of symptomatic relief and joint functional improvement. Choices belong to various categories:

Lifestyle & Conservative Management

These are usually first-line interventions:

• Weight control: Weight reduction lowers stress on the knee joint.

Exercise & physical therapy:

• Strengthening muscles surrounding the joint.
• Improves flexibility and range of motion.
• Low-impact exercise: swimming, cycling, walking.
• Assistive devices: Offload the pressure from the knee with Braces, canes, or shoe inserts.

Medications

To control pain and inflammation:

• Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) – For mild relief of pain.
• NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) – Decrease inflammation and pain.
• Topical NSAIDs – Less side effects compared to oral formulations.
• Duloxetine – An antidepressant used to help with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
• Intra-articular corticosteroid injections – Relief from flare-ups on a short-term basis.

Injections & Advanced Therapies

These can delay surgery:

• Hyaluronic acid injections – Offer joint lubrication (variable results).
• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) – New option, conflicting evidence.
• Stem cell therapy – Experimental in most nations.

Surgical Options

Reserved when other treatments are ineffective:

• Arthroscopy – Minimal invasion; limited benefit for OA.
• Osteotomy – Realigns bone to decrease pressure on the joint.
• Partial or total knee replacement (arthroplasty) – Effective in advanced OA.

Complementary Treatments

Can offer added symptom relief:

• Supplements: Glucosamine and chondroitin (mixed evidence).
• Acupuncture: Possibly helpful to some patients.
• Heat and cold therapy: Alleviate pain and inflammation.

Emerging and Alternative Treatments

• Radiofrequency ablation: Ablates nerves producing pain.
• Genicular nerve block: Diagnostic and occasionally therapeutic.

Best Knee Osteoarthritis Doctor in India

Knee Osteoarthritis Specialist Delhi:

Dr. I P S Oberoi

He is an expert in Primary and Revision Joint replacement surgeries of the Knee, Hip, Shoulder, Elbow, and Ankle joints. He is one of the first and among only a few surgeons to start minimally invasive reconstructive surgery that is Key Hole surgery (Arthroscopy) for Shoulder, Elbow, Hip, and Ankle problems. In addition, has mastered techniques for managing Multi-Ligament and complex injuries of the Knee.

Dr. Ashok Rajgopal

He performed the first bilateral total knee replacement surgery, the first minimally invasive joint replacement surgery in India, the first virtual total knee replacement using patient-specific instrumentation, and was the first surgeon to use gender-specific knees in India. A profile surgeon, he has to his credit, more than 39,000 total knee replacement surgeries and over 60,000 arthroscopic surgeries for sports injuries.

Dr. Jayant Arora

He is a world renowned figure in the field of Partial Knee replacement and total Knee replacement using Computer navigation and Robotic surgery. He is also an expert in treating sports injuries using Arthroscopic surgery.

Dr. Subhash Jangid

Dr Subhash Jangid is currently working as Senior Director, Orthopaedics & Joint Reconstruction at Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon. His primary work comprises of knee, hip and shoulder joints replacement surgeries with Robot and computer navigation. He has a vast experience of more than 26+ years in the field of Orthopaedics. He is one of the most experienced joint replacement surgeon in robotic / computer navigation technique in the world.

Dr. S K S Marya

Dr. Sanjiv K S. Marya has been in the field of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery for almost 30 years. Dr. Marya's areas of specialisation include Joint Replacement Surgery for the joints of upper and lower limbs (Primary and Revision) and Trauma Management based on AO Principles. He has pioneered bilateral joint replacement of knee and hip joints i.e. replacing both joints in one sitting. He has initiated the Unicompartmental (Half Knee) replacement and has done exclusive work on fractures in joint replacement. He has also introduced computer assisted joint replacement surgery.

Knee Osteoarthritis Management India

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment in India generally adheres to international best practices but is also shaped by local availability, economic factors, and indigenous medical systems such as Ayurveda and physiotherapy. Below is an in-depth look written specifically for the Indian scenario:

Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment in India

Medical & Conservative Treatment

• Readily available in the majority of Indian hospitals and clinics:

Pain management:

• Paracetamol and NSAIDs (e.g., Aceclofenac, Diclofenac).
• Topical NSAIDs such as Volini or Diclofenac gel.

Physiotherapy:

• Clinics and hospitals provide systematic physiotherapy programs.
• Emphasis on quadriceps strengthening, TENS (electrotherapy), and ultrasound therapy.

Diet & Weight Control:

• Multispecialty hospital dieticians assist in planning weight-reduction diets.
• Local emphasis: Exclude fried, processed foods, and add turmeric, ginger.

Ayurvedic & Alternative Therapies

Widely popular and used in India:

• Ayurvedic Panchakarma: Consists of Janu Basti (medicated oil pooling over the knee), herbal steam, and massage.
• Siddha, Naturopathy, and Homeopathy: Provide supportive therapy for symptom control.
• Yoga: Asanas such as Tadasana, Vajrasana, and Ardha Matsyendrasana under expert guidance.

Injections

Available at major cities and tier-2 hospitals:

• Intra-articular steroids (Triamcinolone).
• Hyaluronic acid injections (brands such as Synvisc, Durolane) – costlier.
• Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) – Available at advanced orthopaedic centers such as Apollo, Fortis, Max, Medanta, etc.

Surgical Options

India is a destination for cheap and quality joint replacement:

• Partial/Total Knee Replacement (TKR):
• Best hospitals:  Apollo, Fortis, Max, Medanta, etc.

Medical Tourism:

• Most sought after by international patients owing to cost-effectiveness.
• Numerous hospitals provide all-inclusive packages.

Cost-effective Management

• ESIC, CGHS, Ayushman Bharat schemes: Provide subsidized treatment for eligible patients.
• Telemedicine and rural outreach programs for follow-up care.

Patient Education & Lifestyle

• Avoid cross-legged sitting, squatting.
• Western toilet seat use, soft footwear.
• Diet: Have anti-inflammatory food such as turmeric, ginger, garlic, and omega-3s.

Knee Osteoarthritis Causes

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) results from gradual wear and loss of cartilage that lines the bones of the knee joint. As the cartilage wears down, bones come into contact and cause pain, stiffness, and swelling. Causes are most commonly multifactorial, consisting of a combination of mechanical, genetic, and biological factors.

Key Causes of Knee Osteoarthritis:

Age

• Most frequent risk factor.
• Cartilage wears out naturally with age, particularly after 50 years old.

Joint Overuse or Injury

• Repetitive stress or trauma (e.g., fracture, meniscus injury, ligament sprain) may hasten cartilage damage.
• Common in athletes or physically demanding work.

Obesity

• Excess weight places more load on the knee joint.
• Each extra kg can put 4 times as much pressure on the knee.

Genetics

• Family predisposition can raise risk through inherited cartilage composition or joint alignment.

Abnormal Joint Alignment

• Bow legs (varus) or knock-knees (valgus) result in uneven loading.
• Muscle Weakness
• Weak thigh muscles or quadriceps are unable to support the knee adequately.

Inflammation

• Low-grade chronic inflammation (e.g., from metabolic syndrome or diet) leads to joint degeneration.

Hormonal Factors

• More frequent in postmenopausal women, perhaps because of decreased estrogen levels.

Previous Surgeries

• Previous surgeries to the knee, such as meniscectomy, can predispose the joint to premature wear.

Metabolic Diseases

• Diseases such as diabetes, hemochromatosis, or elevated cholesterol can influence joint health.

Top Hospitals Knee Osteoarthritis

• Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon
• Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon
• Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon
• Max Hospital, Saket

Why Choose GetWellGo for Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment?

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• Assistance during and after the course of treatment.
• Language Support
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• Case manager assigned to every patient to provide seamless support in and out of the hospital like appointment booking
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