Thoracic Surgery: Types & Procedure and Recovery

Thoracic Surgery

Thoracic surgery is a branch of surgery that deals comprehensive treatment for the diseases that involves organs and structures in the chest, mainly including the:

• Lungs
• Esophagus
• Trachea and bronchi
• Chest wall
• Diaphragm
• Mediastinum (area between the lungs containing the heart, major blood vessels, etc.)

Common Thoracic Surgeries:

• Lobectomy – removal of a lobe of the lung (often due to lung cancer).
• Pneumonectomy – removal of an entire lung.
• Wedge Resection/Segmentectomy – removal of a portion of a lung lobe.
• Esophagectomy – removal of part or all of the esophagus (often for esophageal cancer).
• Thymectomy – surgical removal of the thymus gland (in such conditions as myasthenia gravis or thymoma).
• Pleurodesis – treatment for recurrent pleural effusion or pneumothorax.
• Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) – endoscopic surgery technique involving the use of video camera with small instruments.
• Robotic Thoracic Surgery: Minimally invasive approach of the surgical procedures with a help of the specially designed robots.

Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery

Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery of the chest is the surgical procedure that enables the thoracic surgeon to operate within the chest cavity with smaller incisions than those used in thoracotomy as well as the surgery results in lesser trauma and shorter recovery period.

Types of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery:

VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery):

• Employ a small, thin tube with a tiny camera called the thoracoscope and other small instruments through 2-4 incisions.
• The chest of the patient is examined through a monitor by a surgeon.

Commonly used for:

• Lung cancer resection (lobectomy, wedge resection)
• Pneumothorax
• Pleural biopsy or decortication
• Thymectomy

Robotic-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (RATS):

• Performed with robotic arms controlled by the surgeon from a console.
• Provides higher accuracy, flexibility, and stereoscopic vision.

Used for:

• Complex lung resections
• Mediastinal tumors
• Esophageal procedures (e.g., Heller myotomy)

Robotic Thoracic Surgery

Robotic Thoracic Surgery can be described as a minimal invasive surgical procedure to address any conditions affecting the chest cavities with the help of robotic systems. It provides the surgeon with finer control, as well as optimizes the speed that is required when performing intricate and intricate surgeries.

What Is Robotic Thoracic Surgery?

• Performed by the surgical robot, the da Vinci® Surgical System.
• These operations are performed with the help of robots while the surgeon uses his/her hands through a console that has 3D high definition view.
• The instruments are inserted inside the body through small punctures usually of 5- to 10-mm in size.
• The robotic arms also have the functionality of rejecting hand tremors and are capable of rotating in 360 degrees.

Common Procedures Done Robotic-Assisted:

• Robotic Lobectomy – Removal of a lung lobe (lung cancer)
• Robotic Wedge Resection – Small lung nodule removal
• Robotic Thymectomy – Removal of the thymus (e.g., for myasthenia gravis)
• Robotic Esophagectomy - part of the esophagus (where cancer occurs) is removed.
• Robotic Mediastinal - Tumor Resection
• Sympathectomy – Treatment for hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)

Thoracic Surgery Recovery Time

Lobectomy (lung lobe removal)

• VATS/Robotic: 4-6 weeks
• Open Thoracotomy: 6-12 weeks

Pneumonectomy (whole lung)

• Open/VATS: 6-10 weeks

Wedge Resection

• VATS/Robotic: 2-4 weeks

Thymectomy

• Robotic/VATS: 2-4 weeks

Esophagectomy

• Robotic/Open: 6-12 weeks

Pleurodesis (for pneumothorax)

• VATS: 2-3 weeks

Thoracic Surgery Complications

Surgical operations in the chest region are surrounded by some risks and possible side effects as the chest is a sensitive area for surgery that involves organs. The risks also vary in relation to surgery type, patient overall health, ways of performing the surgery, and other diseases (cancer, COPD, etc.).

Common Thoracic Surgery Risks:

Pulmonary Complications

• Pneumonia – Especially in elderly or smokers
• Atelectasis – Lung collapse due to mucus blockage or poor lung expansion
• Prolonged air leak as arising from the lung or bronchial stump.
• Respiratory failure – Needing ventilation

Cardiovascular Complications

• Arrhythmias (especially atrial fibrillation) – Seen in ~10–30% of cases
• Pulmonary embolism (PE) – Blood clots traveling to the lungs
• Bleeding/hemothorax – May require re-operation
• Wound or Chest Wall Complications

Wound infection    

• Chest tube site infection or dislodgment
• Empyema – Collection of pus in the pleural space

Other Risks

• Chylothorax – Lymph fluid leak (especially after esophagectomy or mediastinal surgery)
• Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury – Hoarseness or vocal cord paralysis
• Esophageal leak – They are found if at some part of the esophagus has been operated
• Diaphragm dysfunction – Especially after phrenic nerve injury

Thoracic Surgery Procedures

Thoracic surgeries are surgeries that require operations to be made on structures inside the thorax which include lungs, the esophagus, and the diaphragm, mediastinum and chest wall. These can be performed through open approach or via VATS or robotic approach.

Common Thoracic Surgery Procedures

Lung Surgery

• Lobectomy – Removal of one lobe of the lung (common for lung cancer)
• Pneumonectomy – Removal of an entire lung
• Wedge Resection / Segmentectomy: In this process, the doctors remove a small portion of the lung tissue in case of a tumor or lesion.
• Bullectomy – Removal of large air spaces (bullae) from damaged lungs (e.g., emphysema)

Pleural Surgery

• Pleurodesis – Fusion of pleural layers to prevent fluid or air buildup (for recurrent pleural effusion or pneumothorax)
• Pleurectomy/Decortication – The procedure in which surgeons remove a portion of the pleura (In the conditions such as mesothelioma or empyema).

Esophageal Surgery

• Esophagectomy – Removal of part or all of the esophagus (e.g., esophageal cancer)
• Heller Myotomy – Division of muscles used in solutions to achalasia
• Fundoplication – For severe acid reflux (GERD)

Mediastinal Surgery

• Thymectomy – Removal of the thymus gland (e.g., thymoma or myasthenia gravis)
• Mediastinal mass resection – Removal of tumors in the central chest area

Chest Wall Surgery

• Resection of chest wall tumors
• Rib resection
• Sternal reconstruction (after trauma or tumor removal)

Tracheal and Airway Surgery

• It is where the windpipe is narrowed or has a tumor; tracheal resection and reconstruction
• Bronchoplasty – Surgical operation where structures of bronchial nature are restructured or amended

Sympathectomy

Cutting sympathetic nerves to treat:

• Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)
• Facial flushing
• Some chronic pain syndromes

Factors Affecting Thoracic Surgery Cost

There are various ways that the cost of thoracic surgery is determined, and the common aspects are to help patients compare or choose a hospital or treatment plan.

Below is a breakdown:

• Type of Procedure
• Surgical Approach
• Hospital Type & Location
• Surgeon’s Fees
• Preoperative Investigations
• Hospital Stay & ICU Care
• Postoperative Care

Best Thoracic Surgeons

• Dr. Parveen Yadav
• Dr. Arvind Kumar
• Dr. Shaiwal Khandelwal

Thoracic Surgery Hospitals

• Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon
• Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon
• Max Hospital, Saket

Thoracic Surgery Success Rate

Lobectomy (lung cancer)

90–95%

Pneumonectomy

85–90%

Wedge Resection

95–98%

Thymectomy

95–98%

Esophagectomy

80–90%

Pleurodesis

85–95%

Sympathectomy

95–98%

Why Choose GetWellGo for Thoracic Surgery?

GetWellGo is regarded as a leading supplier of healthcare services. We help our foreign clients choose the best treatment locations that suit their needs both financially and medically.

We offer:

• Complete transparency
• Fair costs.
• 24 hour availability.
• Medical E-visas
• Online consultation from recognized Indian experts.
• Assistance in selecting India's top hospitals for thoracic surgery.
• Expert thoracic surgeon with a strong track record of success
• Assistance during and after the course of treatment.
• Language Support
• Travel and Accommodation Services
• Case manager assigned to every patient to provide seamless support in and out of the hospital like appointment booking
• Local SIM Cards
• Currency Exchange
• Arranging Patient’s local food