Rectal Polyp Excision

Rectal polyp removal surgery

The surgery involves the removal of swellings (polyps) of abnormal tissue inside the rectum. Polyps are harmless in most cases, although some develop cancerous nature with time and thus removal is usually advisable.

Why is it Done?

Rectal polyps are removed to:

• Prevent colorectal cancer
• Terminate such symptoms as bleeding, mucus discharge, or bowel changes.
• Take tissue biopsy to exclude malignancy.
• In the case of polypsores removing polypsores that are too big or recurring and cannot be eliminated during regular colonoscopy.

Proce dures of Removal of Polyp of the Rectum

Endoscopic Polypectomy

• Performed in the course of sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy.
• Appropriate to small to medium polyps.
• No external cuts
• Most common method

Transanal Excision (TAE)

• Polyp that is taken away with the anus.
• Applicable to bigger or flat rectal polyps.
• No abdominal incision

Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery

• Minimally invasive high technology.
• Less recurrence, high precision.
• Indications Large or complicated rectal polyps.

Surgical Resection

• Necessary in case of suspected or confirmed cancer.
• Some portion of the rectum can be excised.
• Laparoscopically done or through open surgery.

Rectal polyp excision procedure

The surgical procedure of extracting a polyp (abnormal tissue growth) of the rectum is called rectal polyp excision. It is performed to alleviate symptoms, get a biopsy, and avoid potential development of colorectal cancer.

Preparation before Surgery

• Physical examination and colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy.
• Imaging in case of suspicion of cancer (MRI/CT).
• Blood tests
• Bowel preparation (laxatives or enemas)
• Fasting for 6–8 hours
• Informed consent

Step-by-Step (Transanal Excision) Procedure

• Position of patient (lithotomy or prone).
• Regional or general anaesthesia is done.
• Anal canal gently dilated
• Polyp diagnosed and fully removed.
• Controlled bleeding by cauterization or laceration.
• Sample analysed by histopathology.
• Rectal wall closed when necessary.
• Procedure duration: 30–90 minutes

Postoperative Adhesions of the Rectum

• Typically next day or same-day discharge.
• Few days of mild pain or rectal discomfort.
• Minor bleeding can take place.
• Light food and laxatives recommended.
• Recovery of normal functioning in 3-7 days.

Rectal polyp excision recovery

Immediate Recovery:

• Typically conducted as a daycare procedure, in case endoscopic.
• The procedure may cause you to be bloated or to pass gas.
• Slight blood loss in the rectum or discharge can occur during a few days.
• Suffering is often slight; can be treated by means of acetaminophen or medication.

Diet & Activity:

• Normal diet restrictively resume on soft foods.
• Limit heavy lifting or straining during 1–2 weeks.
• Take lots of fluidity to avoid constipation.

Follow-up Care:

Observe symptoms of complications:

• Excessive bleeding
• Pain in the abdomen
• Fever or chills
• Difficulty passing stools
• Install follow-up colonoscopy (scheduled as per the recommendation, which is usually 3-5 years, in cases of benign polyps; earlier in case of precancerous or multiple polyps).

Healing Timeline:

• Minor discomfort and bloodshed: 1 2 weeks.
• Back to normal operations: often 2-3 days (when it comes to small polyps), 1-2 weeks (when it comes to large excisions).
• Full mucosal healing: 4–6 weeks

Rectal polyp excision complications

The following is a breakdown of complications related to excision of rectal polyp:

Common Complications

• Bleeding
• Pain or Discomfort
• Infection
• Constipation

Uncommonly Serious Complications

• Perforation of the Rectum
• Severe or Persistent Bleeding
• Recurrence of Polyps
• Stricture Formation

Best hospital for rectal polyp excision India

• Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon
• Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon
• Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon
• Max Hospital, Saket

Conclusion

The excision of rectal polyps is safe and effective procedure used to eliminate the abnormal growths of the rectum with a significant reduction in the occurrence of colorectal cancer. The endoscopic removal of most polyps is a painless and short recovery is expected. While complications may be bleeding or infection and, very rarely, perforation of the rectum, complications of the procedure may be diminished by a good surgical technique and a correct postoperative management. Follow-up visits including colonoscopies are required as a precautionary measure to identify any recurrences and to keep the colon healthy over time. 

Rectal polyp excision India GetWellGo

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FAQ

Why are polyps supposed to be excised?

• Removing polyps can stop the growth of colorectal cancer and reduce the risk of problems such as bleeding or obstruction. 

Is the procedure painful?

• The operation is performed in most cases without pain due to sedation or anaesthesia. The procedures may result in mild pain or bloating.

What can I eat after the procedure?

• The diet can be started on soft diet with lots of fluid. Gradually reduce the high-fiber diet to help prevent constipation. Do not strain to have a bowel movement. 

How soon can I return to work?

• Minor procedures allow the majority of patients to resume employment in 2-3 days. In the case of bigger excisions, 1-2 weeks can be required.

Will the polyps come back?

• The polyps may recur particularly in cases of multiple or precancerous polyp. The best medical advice is doing follow-up colonoscopy.