Diabetes Management

India being one of the top medical tourism destinations worldwide, offers the most cutting-edge medical facilities and highly qualified physicians for the treatment of diabetes. The nation is home to a number of prestigious hospitals with the newest facilities, technology, medical expertise and it also has highly skilled medical professionals who can properly diagnose and treat their patients.

About diabetes mellitus

A collection of metabolic illnesses characterized by hyperglycemia, or elevated blood sugar, are together referred to as diabetes mellitus. The reason for this could be due to either insufficient insulin synthesis or improper insulin response by the body's cells, or possibly both.The illness is chronic and lifelong, affecting the body's capacity to utilize its own stored energy.

Types of diabetes

Diabetes comes in a variety of forms, some of which are more common than others:

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

It is an autoimmune condition that affects children more frequently. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes typically have symptoms in their early adult years and are under the age of twenty.

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Causes of type 1 diabetes mellitus

This results from a malfunction in the immune system of the body, which kills the beta cells in the pancreas that create insulin. As a result, the body is unable to produce enough insulin to control blood glucose levels.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Patients with type 1 diabetes should start treatment right away because waiting too long could be fatal. The following symptoms might be present if someone suffers from type 1 diabetes mellitus:

• Feel more thirsty than usual
• Having constant fatigue
• Frequent urination
• Unexpected weight reduction
• Itching in the genitalia

Diagnosis for type 1 diabetes mellitus

A blood test or urine test should be performed to detect diabetes if a patient exhibits any symptoms. In the event that the patient's type of diabetes is unknown, they should undergo following tests:

• GAD autoantibodies test
• Ketone test
• C-peptide test

Since type 1 diabetes strikes children and young people swiftly, a pediatrician should be consulted the same day the diagnosis is made.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment

• Insulin therapy is crucial for people with type 1 diabetes. 
• Other options include: calculating the amount of protein, fat, and carbs, frequently checking blood sugar and maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in regular exercise
• People will have this illness for a lifetime because it destroys the pancreatic cells that make insulin. 
• Initially, the patient will have two daily injections of two distinct types of insulin; eventually, this will increase to three or four shots.

Types of treatment for type 1 diabetes

• Insulin therapy: All individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy for the duration of their lives.

There are numerous varieties of insulin, such as:

• Short acting insulin: This type of insulin, sometimes known as normal insulin, begins to act about 30 minutes after injection. It takes 90 to 120 minutes to attain its peak impact, and it lasts for roughly 4 to 6 hours. Afrezza, Novolin R, and Humulin R are a few examples.
• Rapid acting insulin: Within fifteen minutes, this type of insulin begins to function. It takes around four hours to attain its peak effect. 15 to 20 minutes before meals, this is frequently employed. Aspart (Novolog and FiAsp), glulisine (Apidra), and lispro (Humalog, Admelog, and Lyumjev) are a few examples. 
• Intermediate acting insulin: This type of insulin is also known as NPH insulin, begins to act in one to three hours. It takes 6 to 8 hours to attain its peak effect, and it lasts 12 to 24 hours. Insulin NPH (Novolin N, Humulin N) are two examples.
• Long or ultra-long insulin:  this type of insulin provides protection for a maximum of 14 to 40 hours. Three examples include degludec (Tresiba), detemir (Levemir), and glargine (Lantus, Toujeo Solostar, Basaglar).

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

It is a progressive, lifelong illness where the body either gradually loses the ability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin or grows resistant to the typical effects of insulin. The body does not use insulin as it should. Another name for this is insulin resistance.

Causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus

• The pancreas produces the hormone insulin through specialized cells known as beta cells. To try to get glucose into the cells, the pancreas initially produces more insulin. Eventually though, it is unable to keep up, and blood sugar accumulates as a result.
• Being older than 40
• Genetics: having a parent, brother, or sister who is a close relative with the illness
• Weight: having a high waist circumference

• Race and ethnicity

• A woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome, gestational diabetes during pregnancy, or who had given birth to a kid weighing more than 4.5 kg (9 lbs.).

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Symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus

The majority of individuals with type 2 diabetes exhibit no symptoms at all. Among the symptoms & indicators are:

• Feeling excessive thirst
• Recurring urination
• Lethargy, fatigue, and dizziness
• Constantly feeling peckish
• Slow wound healing
• Skin infections and itching
• Hazy vision
• Steadily gaining weight
• Mood swings
• Headaches
• Leg cramps

Diagnosis for type 2 diabetes mellitus

If a person's blood sugar is more than 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), they may have diabetes. One or more of the following tests will be suggested in order to confirm the diagnosis.

• Oral glucose tolerance test
• Two –hour postprandial test
• Random blood sugar
• Fasting blood sugar
• HemaglobinA1C test

Treatment dm type 2

Medication and lifestyle changes are the first lines of treatment for type 2 diabetes. Insulin is the recommended second line of treatment for patients whose blood sugar levels are extremely elevated.

First line of treatment involves the following:

• Weight loss
• Dietary adjustments
• Exercise
• Medication called metformin
• An extra medication will be recommended if metformin and lifestyle changes are unable to regulate blood sugar levels.
• Insulin: An individual is recommended to have insulin shots if their blood sugar level is not under control despite adherence to medication and lifestyle adjustments.

Gestational diabetes:

This particular form of diabetes normally goes away once the baby is born and can strike certain women between weeks 24 and 28 (third trimester) of their pregnancy. It has been observed that this issue affects 2 to 10 percent of expectant moms, making it one of the most prevalent pregnancy-related illnesses. High blood sugar caused by gestational diabetes may have an impact on the health of the unborn child as well as the pregnancy.

Best food for diabetes control

Your blood sugar levels are greatly influenced by the type of food you consume. Your blood sugar levels increase when you consume unnecessary calories, particularly those from carbohydrates. Regularly having high blood sugar levels over time can cause major, chronic issues like kidney, heart, and nerve damage. You can monitor your eating habits, eat at regular times, and choose healthy foods to help control your blood sugar levels. Eating a balanced diet on a daily basis helps your body learn how to use the insulin it produces on its own or via medication more effectively. 

India as an affordable option for management of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes care has become so widespread in India that individuals from other countries are traveling here for treatment even though they may receive comparable care at other hospitals close to their homes. The excessively high costs of health care in their own nation may be one of the primary reasons for this. Diabetes treatment in India is incredibly affordable as compared to other nations because of the current exchange rates as well as a number of other considerations. Additionally, one can be confident in the level of quality, care, and post-operative care being offered in India. 

Best hospitals for  management of diabetes mellitus in India

• ??Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon?
• ?Medanta The Medicity, Gurugram?
• Artemis Hospital, Gurugram?
• Max Hospital, Delhi?
• Apollo Hospitals, Delhi?

Best doctors for  management of diabetes mellitus in India

• Dr. Atul Luthra
• Dr. Jasjeet Singh Wasir
• Dr. Dheeraj Kapoor
• Dr. Ambrish Mithal?
• Dr. Chandar Mohan Batra

FAQ

1. What are the methods for delivering insulin?

• Insulin cannot be administered orally to reduce blood sugar because the enzymes in the stomach would break it down, making it ineffective. You will need to use an insulin pump or receive shots.

2. Injections: Insulin can be injected subcutaneously using an insulin pen or a tiny needle and syringe.

• A pump for insulin: This is a little gadget that you wear outside of your body and set to release precise amounts of insulin at certain times of the day and during meals.

3. Is it possible to reverse diabetes?

• Diabetes cannot be completely cured, but some people with type 2 diabetes can improve their blood sugar control and require less medication if they make specific lifestyle changes and lose weight.

4. How frequently should a person's blood sugar be measured?

• Blood sugar monitoring frequency is determined by the type of diabetes, the treatment strategy, and the patient's unique situation. Regularly monitoring blood sugar levels is generally encouraged, as directed by a healthcare provider.

5. What possible side effects could uncontrolled diabetes cause?

• Diabetes that is not under control can cause a number of complications, such as nerve damage, heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, vision issues, foot problems, and an elevated risk of infections. In order to reduce these risks, proper management is essential.

6. How can I book and schedule a consultation for diabetes treatment in India?

• We will assist you in getting expert advice and the best treatment from a panel of specialists. You can contact us via phone at +91-9289678787 or email us at care@getwellgo.com

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